Shows a solid black bar across the base of the greater coverts, projecting at least 2/3^rd the way across the innerwing. Best seen in flight

Does also have black at the base of the greater coverts, but these are usually covered by overlying white median coverts, giving a white innerwing look

Thin distal half to bill. The culmen begins to rise from the mid-bill region, resulting in a deeper bill base, and greater area between the lores and nostril

Has a thinner more even bill, with the culmen rising up strongly at the base of the bill

Indistinct and small

Often very obvious and long (note young birds may show a smaller nail)

Vivid scarlet-red

Slightly duller, darker crimson / blood-red

Forms a near vertical line that gives it a squared off look, with the gape line creating only a small incision into the feathering

Shows a prominent pointed triangular shaped loral feathering, creating a strong zig-zag shape to the feathering

Low sloping forehead with a smoothly contoured ‘serpentine’ head shape

Steep, nearly vertical forehead, with two distinct areas of longer feathering on the crown and nape

Tend to look clean white in winter , with a pale flush of pink appearing in late winter / early spring

Sometimes shows a more humped backed profile than Goosander