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2	White-crown Subspecies Zonotrichia leucophrys leucophrys (“our white-crown”) the nominate race Zonotrichia leucophrys gambelii Zonotrichia leucophrys pugetensis Zonotrichia leucophrys nuttalli Zonotrichia leucophrys oriantha
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4	Adult Leucophrys Dark lore Pinkish-bill Breeds in NE Canada Winters Midwest and Eastern USA
5	Immature Leucophrys Dark brown supralorals Distinct from all other races except Oriantha
6	Adult Gambelii Pale lores Orange bill Dark and light streaked back Grayish underparts Long wing tips Breeds Alaska, W and C Canada, Winters Western USA
7	Immature Gambelii Grayer than Pugetensis Orange bill No malar stripe
8	Gambelii Head Pattern Pale lore Orange bill
9	Adult Pugetensis Pale lores Yellowish bill Blackish brown and tan back stripes Brownish wash below Pale malar stripe Breeds N. Pacific Winters south to Southern CA Winter range overlaps Nuttali
10	Immature Pugetensis Browner than gambelii Pale malar stripe Yellowish bill Yellowish bend of wing sometimes visible
11	Nuttalli Slightly larger bill than pugetensis Greater body mass than pugetensis Post ocular stripe brownish (pugetensis blacker) Sedentary race of Central CA Not as widespread as pugetensis Largely indistinguishable from pugetensis in the field.
12	Nuttalli Yellowish bill Relatively large body mass An individual rarely moves more than a mile from where it hatched
13	Oriantha Similar in appearance to leucophrys Crown stripes flared Pale supercilium stops at front of eye Dark lores Pinkish bill Breeds in mountains of W. USA and Canada Winters mainly south of USA
14	Oriantha Dark lores Supraloral region extensively black Back pattern similar to leucophrys and gambelli
15	Summary Zonotrichia leucophrys leucophrys: Dark lores, pinkish bill. Eastern bird Zonotrichia leucophrys gambelii: Pale lores, orange bill, grayish underparts. Western bird Zonotrichia leucophrys pugetensis: Pale lores, yellowish bill, brown wash below. Western bird Zonotrichia leucophrys nuttalli: Similar to pugetensis; more restricted range. Western bird Zonotrichia leucophrys oriantha: White crown stripes usually flared. Western bird
16	References and Acknowledgements All images from VIREO Jon L. Dunn, Kimball Garrett, Jonathan K. Alderfer, “White-crowned Sparrow Subspecies: Identification and Distribution,” Birding, June 1995. Steve Gerow, Santa Cruz, CA birder, helped me out with gambelli and pugetensis subspecies