Strong contrast between brown upperparts (back and wings) and black head and neck, and tail.

No contrast as all these parts are black making these features a striking bold black and white.

Yellow iris / eye and a red eye ring

Red iris (and a red eye ring)

Dull grayish legs

Grayish – pinkish color

Shorter. No or very little white in primaries

White in primaries extends to at least the middle of the primaries.

Darker (black) tail band that contrasts with brown back

Black tail band, same color as back

Dark brown back and upper rump

Shows a white triangle into the back (similar to a dowitchers)

White above the tail band is restricted to a narrow band on the uppertail coverts

White above the tail band continues up into the rump and back

Never shows a white throat collar / band.

Immatures and non-breeding adults show a white throat collar

Orange-red

Orange